278 best u/primecedars images on Pholder | Phoenicia History Facts, Metroid and Europe

*Thirteen years later* “Oh, I guess we won..”

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The Italian Peninsula compared to the Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. 117 AD.

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A Link to The Past original Nintendo promotional art by Katsuya Terada

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*Thirteen years later* Oh, I guess we won.

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Lights of the College by ViaEstelar

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Lydia by Vandrell

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Snow Elf Temple from Skyrim, official art by Bethesda Softworks

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One does not simply cross the Alps with a large army and elephants.

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*Thirteen years later* “Oh, I guess we won.”

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Ancient olive tree in Lebanon that is thousands of years old! The Phoenicians were one of its largest exporters in the Mediterranean, spreading it far and wide to North Africa and Iberia! Today, Lebanon, Greece, Italy, Spain and Tunisia consume some of the world's most olive oil per capita.

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Little did they know about Rome...

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Roman ships? Nah, gimme some of those Carthaginian figs!

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Samus represented in Nintendo NY.

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Bust of Scipio Africanus, a Roman general and later consul who is often regarded as one of the best military commanders of all time. His main achievements were during the Second Punic War. His greatest military achievement was the defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC.

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Aerial view of Cadiz in Spain, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe! It was founded as Gadir or Agadir (𐤀𐤂𐤃𐤓) by Phoenicians from Tyre in 1104 BC. The expeditions of Himilco and of Hanno, the latter of whom discovered “gorillai,” began there.

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Hamilcar Barca once said, “My son Hannibal will be a great general, because of all my soldiers he knows best how to obey.” Even as a general, Hannibal slept on a military cloak, eating the food of the common soldier and sharing their hardships. We never hear of a mutiny in his army.

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Hi-Res, bubbly version of Super Metroid’s box art. My favorite box art in the series.

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Reconstruction of the oldest Phoenician wine press in Lebanon (7th century BC), looking from the south-east. The Phoenicians introduced a culture of drinking wine throughout the ancient Mediterranean, and their influence lives on in the beverage’s worldwide popularity.

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[Tunisia] Roman Carthage at its height, c. 3rd century AD!

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Ancient Mediterranean origins

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Dark Samus by Jahwa

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Dark Suit by absoluteyeah

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The North African elephant is an extinct elephant species native to North Africa that died out in Roman times. Although relatively small, Carthage deemed the unit so worthy they established a corps within the city. These were the elephants that crossed the Pyrenees and Alps with Hannibal.

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The “Stone of the South” in Baalbek, Lebanon is the largest stone monolith ever quarried that we know of. It was unparalleled in antiquity and was presumably intended for the nearby Roman temple complex, which also contains the ruins of the massive Temple of Jupiter-Baal.

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The empire of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, one of the largest of all time and larger than the Roman Empire in 117 AD. Alexander had plans for conquering Carthage and Rome before he died prematurely.

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Aerial view of Beirut, taken from the window of an airplane, unknown photographer.

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Observing the Roman army at Cannae, Hannibal's officer Gisco remarked on its amazing size that doubled their own. Hannibal then quipped, Gisco, another thing that has escaped your notice is even more amazing— while there are so many of them, there is not one among them called Gisco.

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Prior to the Second Punic War, Hannibal married a princess from Castulo, a powerful Spanish city and ally of Carthage. The Roman epic poet Silius Italicus names her Imilce and gives her a Greek origin; however, the etymology suggests a Phoenician one. Siliius also suggests the existence of a son.

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Italian army pays homage to Hannibal at the Castello di Barletta in Italy (2016), commemorating the 2232nd anniversary of the Battle of Cannae.

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Marcus Claudius Marcellus, one of Rome's best generals who fought during the Punic Wars. He is known for slaying a king in battle and capturing Syracuse. When he died, Hannibal went to see the body, gave him a proper funeral, and sent the ashes back to his son in a silver urn with a golden wreath.

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The Phazon Suit 🖤

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Map of ancient Phoenicia – one of the most successful and long-lasting civilizations of all time – with vital resources and important cities displayed!

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Fabius Cunctator (the delayer) led a war of attrition against Hannibal in Italy. Facing a great general, he pursued a strategy of targeting the enemy's supply lines and accepting only smaller engagements on favorable terms, rather than risking his entire army in direct confrontation with Hannibal.

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The Phoenicians were among the few civilizations unhindered by the Bronze Age Collapse and the attack of the “Sea Peoples.” 😆 In fact, this also marked the start of their golden age.

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Light Suit ❤️

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Map of Roman Empire at its farthest extent in 117 AD. For centuries, the Phoenicians dominated the western Mediterranean in terms of trade and naval power. After the First Punic War, however, Rome superseded Carthage in naval dominance and renamed the Mediterranean Sea “Mare Nostrum,” or “Our Sea.”

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The mountains of Lebanon (𐤋𐤁𐤍) was to Phoenicia its protection, its source of greatness, and its crowning beauty. The range formed a wall against which the waves of eastern invasion naturally broke. Its inexhaustible forest trees supplied Phoenicia with her war ships and immense commercial navy.

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Crusader cathedral from the 12th century on the site of a former temple of Melqart in Tyre, with some of the ancient columns still standing. It is believed that this was the location of the famous temple of Melqart that Carthage paid tribute to yearly and was the cause of the Alexandrian siege.

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Samus and the dachora Shinesparking in Brinstar, by Niori

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When people ask what their favorite Phoenician city is

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Concept art of Samus from Metroid Prime 2 Echoes 💜

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One of many ancient olive trees in Lebanon, photo by Dr. Harout Tanielian. Absolutely stunning!

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Beyond Game Over: Samus by Emortal982

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Modern times: What’s a Phoenicia? Back then:

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At least make it look different so the teacher doesn't notice.

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Phoenician is an extinct Canaanite language originally spoken in Lebanon. Extensive Tyro-Sidonian trade and commercial dominance led to Phoenician becoming a lingua-franca of the maritime Mediterranean for centuries! The Phoenician alphabet also became the source of all modern European scripts.

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Beautiful Roman road built over 2,000 years ago. This is just a section of the Appian way which, in it’s entirety, spanned 563 kilometers.

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Samus Aran by MorganHowell

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Marcus Claudius Marcellus, one of Rome's best generals who fought during the Punic Wars. He is known for slaying a king in battle and capturing Syracuse. When he died, Hannibal went to see the body, gave him a proper funeral, and sent the ashes back to his son in a silver urn with a golden wreath.

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The final phase of the Siege of Carthage (149–146 BC), commanded by Scipio Aemilianus, when the Roman legions broke inside the great city and fought against the Phoenician defenders on elephants! It's one of the few ancient city battles to be recorded in detail by an eye witness!

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My lord, Hannibal is coming.

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In Greek mythology, Cadmus was a Phoenician prince from Tyre who founded and was first king of Thebes, Greece. He was the first hero and greatest slayer of monsters before Heracles. He was credited with spreading the Phoenician alphabet to Greece. Thebes was later destroyed by Alexander in 335 BC.

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The word gorilla comes from the history of Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian admiral from the 6th c. BC who explored the west African coast. He encountered 'savage, hairy people' and called them gorillai. Skins of gorilla women, brought back by Hanno were kept at Carthage until its destruction.

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German academics and soldiers studied the Second Punic War in great, sometimes obsessive detail, and Von Schlieffen, the architect of the offensive which was launched into France in 1914, consciously attempted to reproduce the genius of Hannibal's battle tactics on a vast scale.

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A widely accepted legend is that Scipio Aemilianus ordered Carthage to be sacked, forced its surviving inhabitants into slavery, plowed it over and sowed it with salt. However, no ancient sources exist documenting the salting itself. The element of salting is therefore probably a later invention.

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Aerial view of Bizerte, ancient Phoenician port city of Hippon (𐤏𐤐𐤅‬𐤍 ʿpwn). Founded by Phoenicians from Sidon c. 1100 BC, it is one of the oldest settlements in Tunisia. It’s rendered as Hippo Diarrhytus, Greek for Hippo Divided-by-the-Water” to distinguish it from Hippo Regius.

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Modern reconstruction of Punic Carthage. The circular harbor at the front is the Cothon, the military port of Carthage, where all the her warships were anchored. The Byrsa hill in the city was the reported site of the Temple of Eshmun (the healing god), at the top of a stairway of sixty steps.

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Aleph by Kameel Hawa, a sculpture of the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet located in downtown Beirut. In Phoenician it was written as 𐤀 and pronounced ʾalep, meaning 'ox head.' In Aramaic it is written as 𐡀 and in Latin as A.

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Map of Rome and Carthage at the start of the Second Punic War in 218 BC. After seventeen years, Rome manages to win the war, annexing Hispania and most of North Africa. The end of the Punic Wars signify the Rise of Rome, forever changing the future of European history for millennia.

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Map of Roman Empire at its farthest extent in 117 AD. For centuries, the Phoenicians dominated the western Mediterranean in terms of trade and naval power. After the First Punic War, however, Rome superseded Carthage in naval dominance and renamed the Mediterranean Sea “Mare Nostrum,” or “Our Sea.”

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The Battle of Cannae (216 BC) was a key engagement of the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage. Hannibal surrounded and annihilated a larger Roman army. It is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and one of the worst defeats in Roman history.

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Magon Barca (𐤌𐤂‬𐤍 𐤁𐤓𐤒), brother of Hannibal and a key commander in the Second Punic War, founded the port city of Mahon in the Balearics, which still bears his name. The local egg sauce that is now consumed all over the world is called mayonnaise after the city.

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Samus with a more boxy figure and slimmer solders. Concept art from Corruption!

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Super Metroid's physics and controls are ba-

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Maronites at the Fountain, by Emile Vernet-Lecomte, 1863, oil on canvas

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Carthaginian gilded bronze cuirass and backrest found near the ancient Phoenician port-town of Salaktalatin in modern Tunisia, dated to c. 250 BC. It features the helmeted face of Anat (𐤏𐤍𐤕), the Canaanite goddess of war, equivalent to Athena or Minerva.

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Canaan (Phoenician 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 – Kenaʿan) was a Semitic-speaking culture in the Levant that included Phoenicia, Philistia and Israel. The Phoenicians were descended from Canaanites. In the 5th century AD, St. Augustine says the rural people of North Africa retained the Punic self-designation Chanani.

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The Sacred Band of Carthage were an elite heavy infantry unit consisting of 2,500 men. Drawn from the wealthiest families of Carthage, they were inferior to none among them as to birth, wealth, or reputation and famed by the splendor of their arms, and the slowness and order of their march.

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Yam ‎(𐤅𐤌), the god of the sea and rivers, symbolizes the violent and uncompromising side of nature as experienced by the Canaanite-Phoenicians through their voyages on the seas. His Greek and Roman equivalents were Poseidon and Neptune.

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Modern bronze bust of Hannibal (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋) that once belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte, which he placed in his personal office. Napoleon regarded Hannibal as a gifted strategist. He called him “the most audacious of all, probably the most stunning, so hardy, so sure, so great in all things.”

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Ancient Phoenician wall built to protect against tidal waves in Batroun, Lebanon, originally founded by the Phoenicians in the 14th century BC. Many Lebanese continue to identify as descendants of the Phoenician Canaanites, which DNA studies seem to confirm.

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Bcharri during Spring.

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Hannibal by Aleksander Karcz. Hannibal’s visage here is based off his ancient bust. He lost an eye during a minor engagement after crossing the Apennines in Italy, hence the eyepatch. However, some historians claim he caught an eye infection while crossing the Arno marshes shortly after.

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Hamilcar (275–228 BC) stood out far above the Carthaginians in military and diplomatic skill and strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by Hannibal. As a man, Cato placed Hamilcar a cut above most leaders, including most Romans. Livy referred to him as the great Hamilcar.

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Roman Empire with provinces in 210 AD, created by Phoenician-Roman emperor Septimius Severus. The capital of the Provincia Syria Phoenice was Tyre in modern day Lebanon.

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RIP Super Metroid’s style suit; it doesn’t seem like it’ll be reused again. It was and always will be my favorite. 🧡

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What Light Suit Samus would probably look like if it were in Smash Ultimate.

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Phoenician autonomy in the western Mediterranean ended after the destruction of Carthage by Rome in 146 BC, but ended in the Phoenician homeland in 332 BC by Alexander the Great.

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Tomb of Masinissa, first king of Numidia. He was initially Carthage’s ally, but switched sides and joined Scipio at Zama. He lived the rest of his life terrorizing Carthaginian territory, provoking them to fight back and causing Rome to destroy the city. Today, he is revered in Algeria and Tunisia.

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Hanno (𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬) was a Carthaginian admiral (6th c. BC) best known for his naval exploration of the western coast of Africa. His logbook contains a description of a fully active volcano and the first known report about gorillas! It precedes the Portuguese report on the region by 2,000 years.

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Sexi (𐤑‬𐤊‬𐤑‬) was an important Phoenician colony (c. 800 BC) on Spain's SE coast. It had a large fish salting and curing industry that was a major supplier of Greece and Rome. They also supplied a prized fish paste called garum made from the intestines of small fish by a process of fermentation.

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Pythagoras (570–495 BC) was a philosopher and mathematician with Phoenician and Greek heritage. His work was well known in antiquity, influencing such people as Plato and Aristotle, and through them Western Philosophy. He was allegedly the first man to call himself a philosopher (lover of wisdom).

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Bird's eye view of Roman Carthage at its height. It was founded by Julius Caesar in 49 BC over the same land as the original Phoenician city. By the third century it developed into one of the largest cities of the Roman Empire, often rivaling the city of Rome in wealth and influence!

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Hannibal featured on Leaders of Men, a series of cigarette cards by Ogden (1924). The artistic interpretation is based off a marble bust of Hannibal found at the ancient city-state of Capua, Italy. Once on display in the Naples National Museum, it is now in the Quirinale Palace in Rome.

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The destruction of Carthage, 146 BC was commanded by Scipio Aemilianus, adoptive grandson of Scipio Africanus, the famed general who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama. Under the orders of the Senate, Aemilianus utterly destroyed and plowed the city of Carthage so that it would never rise again

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Phoenicia encompassed most of modern-day Lebanon, as well as western Syria and northern Israel. The cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and Arwad were the most influential and powerful. Lebanon comes from Phoenician root LBN (𐤋𐤁𐤍) meaning white, referencing its year-round snow-capped mountains!

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The Punic language lasted till the 5th century. St. Augustine once said, There was a great deal of virtue and wisdom in the Punic books. When Maximus, a pagan grammarian, wrote him a hostile letter mocking Punic names, Augustine rebukes him and describes the Punic language as our own tongue.

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The Holy Trinity of the SNES! Which one is your favorite out of these three?

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Utica (𐤏𐤕𐤒) was the first city founded by the Phoenicians in North Africa (c. 1100 BC). It was located 40 km northwest of Carthage and was one of the most influential and powerful Phoenician colonies. Hamilcar Barca swiftly liberated the city during an intense siege by a violent mercenary revolt.

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Hannibal Crossing the Alps, illustration by Heinrich Leutemannin in 1886.

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A marble bust of Hannibal (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋) originally found at the ancient city-state of Capua in Italy, on display in the Quirinal Palace in Rome!

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The land of Iberia, or Spania as known to the Phoenicians, was originally populated by Iberians, Celts, and Basques. The Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded or refounded many powerful colonies there, including Cadiz, Cartagena, and Ibiza in Spain, and Lisbon in Portugal.

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The Temple of Bacchus and the Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek, Lebanon. The Temple of Bacchus (left) is one of the largest and best-preserved Roman temple ruins! The Temple of Jupiter (right) replaced an older Temple of Baal, and was the largest temple dedicated to Jupiter in the entire Roman Empire!

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Official Super Metroid artwork from Nintendo. It's my favorite design of Samus. I love the dark red color of her helmet, the blue tint of her visor, and the bulkiness of her suit.

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Hanno (𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬) was a Carthaginian admiral (6th c. BC) best known for his naval exploration of the western coast of Africa. His logbook contains a description of a fully active volcano and the first known report about gorillas! It precedes the Portuguese report on the region by 2,000 years.

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The Temple of Solomon (c. 1000–586 BC) dedicated to Yahweh in Jerusalem was built according to Phoenician design, and its description is considered the best description of what a Phoenician temple looked like!

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Marble funerary stele (c. 350–300 BC) found in the grove of the Academy, Athens. Bears a Phoenician inscription: “To Benhodesh, son of ʿAbdmilqart, son of ʿAbdshamash, son of TGNS, men of Kition” and a Greek inscription: ΝΟΥΜΗΝΙΟΣ ΚΙΤΙΕΥ / NOUMENIOS KITIEU.

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Septimius Severus, one of many Roman emperors of Phoenician heritage. He spoke Phoenician fluently, but also Latin with a slight accent. His sister spoke Latin so badly that she embarrassed him enough to send her back home. During his reign one third of the Senate was of Phoenician descent.

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Magon Barca (𐤌𐤂‬𐤍 𐤁𐤓𐤒), brother of Hannibal and a key commander in the Second Punic War, founded the port city of Mahon in the Balearics, which still bears his name. The local egg sauce that is now consumed all over the world is called mayonnaise after the city.

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This promotional Super Metroid cardboard standee

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An ancient tree from the Cedars of God located in Bsharri, Lebanon, one of the last vestiges of the extensive forests that thrived during the Phoenician era. The mountains of Lebanon were once shaded by thick cedar forests, a resource the Phoenicians used to build their ships!

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Jbeil, Lebanon (Gebal 𐤂𐤁𐤋), founded c. 8000 BC, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Jbeil bears outstanding witness to the beginnings of the Phoenician civilization. In ancient times, Gebal had a reputation of being the oldest city in the world, founded by Cronus.

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Marble statue of Septimius Severus, Roman emperor from 192-211 BC, born in Leptis to Phoenician heritage. He spoke Greek and Latin with an accent, since his first language was Phoenician.

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How awesome the foreign advisor web was in Civ IV.

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During the First Punic War, Roman consul Fundanius suffered severe casualties and requested a truce to bury his dead. Hamilcar granted it, saying, I am at war with the living, I have come to terms with the dead. When Hamilcar requested a similar truce to bury his dead before, the consul refused.

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